Bacterial fermentations are prone to several types of contaminations:     Phage contaminations Bacteriophages cause the most devastating contaminations usually resulting in destruction of bacterial culture with subsequent contamination ...

Propagation of eukaryotic cells cultures are relatively long-lasting processes, what makes them sensitive to greater number of possible contaminants. Among them are:   Virus contaminations Viruses are the most dangerous contaminant in this ty...

Fungal fermentations are considered to be the safest one and least prone to contaminations. However, they also suffer from contamination problems. The most frequent are bacterial and fungal contaminations.   Bacterial contamination Due to rel...

In dairy industry, controlling contamination issues is very important, not only due to possible health hazards. Milk is a raw material, which cannot always be sterilized, and almost every batch contains bacteriophages infectious to bacteria used in p...